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Is Biopsy Dangerous

Until now, biopsy is the only examination that can diagnose cancer with certainty. But because biopsies are often considered dangerous and say they can spread cancer cells, some people are reluctant to go through them. Is biopsy really dangerous? A biopsy is a procedure for removing a small portion of tissue from a patient's body for examination using a microscope. Through a biopsy, the doctor can find out whether someone has cancer or not, and whether a lump is a malignant tumor (cancer) or a benign tumor. Physical examination and support, such as CT scans or X-rays, can indeed predict the presence of cancer, but only a biopsy can confirm the diagnosis of cancer and show the type of cancer cells and their stage. After the type of tumor is known, the new doctor can determine the treatment to be given.

Effectiveness of Biopsy

In one study, it was found that biopsy has a accuracy of 90% to diagnose cancer. The biopsy results will greatly assist the doctor in planning a treatment that is appropriate to the type and stage of the patient's cancer. Biopsy results can determine whether patients need to undergo surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or do not need to undergo any treatment. Another study showed that cancer patients who underwent a biopsy examination had a higher rate of treatment success. This is suspected because biopsy plays an important role in helping doctors determine the type of treatment that is appropriate, so the success rate of treatment is also greater.

Some Types of Biopsy Are Frequently Performed

Biopsy can be done with or without the help of other examination devices, such as CT-scan, MRI, and ultrasound. Some types of biopsies that are often done are:
  • Biopsy using a needle, either a small needle (fine needle aspiration biopsy) or a larger needle (core needle biopsy).
  • Surgery biopsy, if the position of the tumor is difficult to reach by the needle.
  • Endoscopic biopsy, in which the doctor inserts a small tube with a camera to see the inside of organs and take tissue samples, for example from the intestine or from the urinary tract
  • Biopsy by scraping tissue from the skin surface.

General Risk Biopsy

Any medical procedure that injures the tissue carries a risk of infection and bleeding. Based on the results of a study that monitored 1025 biopsy procedures, only 79 cases experienced these side effects. That is, the risk of biopsy side effects is only about 7 percent. The risk of side effects due to biopsy depends on the severity of the cancer and the type of biopsy. In advanced cancer that has experienced complications, biopsy has a higher risk. More aggressive biopsy procedures, for example biopsy with surgery, of course also have a higher risk than needle biopsy.

Biopsy and Spread of Cancer Cells

Many people also think that biopsy can make cancer cells spread, so the patient's condition will be worse after the biopsy. Some research does show the spread of cancer cells to the area around the biopsy needle puncture wound or to other body parts, but it is not certain whether these cancer cells will then develop and cause cancer in the new location. The possibility of biopsy spreading cancer cells is stated to be very low and can be minimized in certain ways, for example not using the same biopsy needle for several cancer locations. Biopsy does have risks, including causing pain and tingling at the biopsy location. However, the benefits of biopsy are still far greater than the risks, so biopsy remains one of the important procedures in the treatment of cancer. If you are still worried, ask your doctor for a more detailed explanation, and if after a biopsy you have a fever, severe pain, or bleeding in the biopsy area, see your doctor immediately.

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